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  2. Median - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median

    Because the median is simple to understand and easy to calculate, while also a robust approximation to the mean, the median is a popular summary statistic in descriptive statistics. In this context, there are several choices for a measure of variability : the range , the interquartile range , the mean absolute deviation , and the median ...

  3. Median absolute deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_absolute_deviation

    The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it.

  4. Weighted median - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_median

    In statistics, a weighted median of a sample is the 50% weighted percentile. [1][2][3] It was first proposed by F. Y. Edgeworth in 1888. [4][5] Like the median, it is useful as an estimator of central tendency, robust against outliers. It allows for non-uniform statistical weights related to, e.g., varying precision measurements in the sample.

  5. Deviation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation_(statistics)

    Deviation (statistics) In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable. Deviations with respect to the sample mean and the population mean (or "true value") are called errors and residuals, respectively.

  6. Interquartile range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range

    In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. [1] The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H‑spread. It is defined as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data. [2][3][4] To calculate the IQR, the data set ...

  7. Average absolute deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_absolute_deviation

    Average absolute deviation. The average absolute deviation (AAD) of a data set is the average of the absolute deviations from a central point. It is a summary statistic of statistical dispersion or variability. In the general form, the central point can be a mean, median, mode, or the result of any other measure of central tendency or any ...

  8. Bias of an estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_of_an_estimator

    In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator 's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. An estimator or decision rule with zero bias is called unbiased. In statistics, "bias" is an objective property of an estimator. Bias is a distinct concept from consistency ...

  9. L-estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-estimator

    In statistics, an L-estimator (or L-statistic) is an estimator which is a linear combination of order statistics of the measurements. This can be as little as a single point, as in the median (of an odd number of values), or as many as all points, as in the mean. The main benefits of L-estimators are that they are often extremely simple, and ...

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