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CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing techniques have many potential applications. The use of the CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA complex for genome editing [10] was the AAAS's choice for Breakthrough of the Year in 2015. [11] Many bioethical concerns have been raised about the prospect of using CRISPR for germline editing, especially in human embryos. [12]
Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnological products, and treatment of diseases.
In general, CRISPR-Cas9 is one of the most effective gene-editing technique to date. The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of an enzyme called Cas9 and a special piece of guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the DNA at a specific location in the genome so that DNA can be added or removed.
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens aim to elucidate the relationship between genotype and phenotype by ablating gene expression on a genome-wide scale and studying the resulting phenotypic alterations. The approach utilises the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, coupled with libraries of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), which are designed to ...
Jennifer Doudna. Jennifer Anne Doudna ForMemRS (/ ˈdaʊdnə /; [1] born February 19, 1964) [2] is an American biochemist who has pioneered work in CRISPR gene editing, and made other fundamental contributions in biochemistry and genetics. She received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, with Emmanuelle Charpentier, "for the development of a ...
Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier (French pronunciation: [emanɥɛl maʁi ʃaʁpɑ̃tje]; born 11 December 1968 [ 2 ]) is a French professor and researcher in microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry. [ 1 ] As of 2015, she has been a director at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin. In 2018, she founded an independent research ...
IPR028629. Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications. Its main function is to cut DNA and thereby alter a cell's genome.
In December 2015, scientists of major world academies called for a moratorium on inheritable human genome edits that would affect the germline, including those related to CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, [23] but supported continued basic research and gene editing that would not affect future generations. [24]
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