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The name isotretinoin is the same root tretinoin plus the prefix iso-. Regarding pronunciation, the following variants apply equally to both tretinoin and isotretinoin. Given that retinoic is pronounced / ˌ r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ k /, [43] [44] [42] [45] it is natural that / ˌ t r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ n / is a commonly heard pronunciation.
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, a category that also includes vitamins D, E and K. The vitamin encompasses several chemically related naturally occurring compounds or metabolites, i.e., vitamers, that all contain a β- ionone ring. [ 4 ]
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acidand sold under the brand name Accutaneamong others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acneor moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics.[6] Isotretinoin is used off-label to treat basal cell carcinomaand ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [ 3 ] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [ 3 ]
Contents. Retinoid. 1st, 2nd, 3rd-generation retinoid compounds. The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are natural derivatives of vitamin A or are chemically related to it. Synthetic retinoids are used in medicine where they regulate skin health, immunity and bone disorders.
Retinoic acid administered as a drug (see tretinoin and alitretinoin) causes significant toxicity that is distinct from normal retinoid biology. [6] All-trans-retinoic acid is the major occurring retinoic acid, while isomers like 13-cis- and 9-cis-retinoic acid are also present in much lower levels. [7]
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have ...
Albert Kligman. Albert Montgomery Kligman (March 17, 1916 – February 9, 2010) [1] was an American dermatologist who co-invented Retin-A, the acne medication, with James Fulton in 1969. [2] Kligman performed human experiments on inmates at Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia, which led to a well-documented scandal years later.