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A hydrogen atom with proton and electron spins aligned (top) undergoes a flip of the electron spin, resulting in emission of a photon with a 21 cm wavelength (bottom) The hydrogen line, 21 centimeter line, or H I line[ a ] is a spectral line that is created by a change in the energy state of solitary, electrically neutral hydrogen atoms.
Pioneer 12 →. Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [ 2 ] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
Spectroscopy. Margaret Lindsay, Lady Huggins (14 August 1848, in Dublin – 24 March 1915, in London), [1] born Margaret Lindsay Murray, was an Irish-English scientific investigator and astronomer. [2][3][4][5][6][7] With her husband William Huggins she was a pioneer in the field of spectroscopy and co-wrote the Atlas of Representative Stellar ...
The four visible hydrogen emission spectrum lines in the Balmer series. H-alpha is the red line at the right. The Balmer series includes the lines due to transitions from an outer orbit n > 2 to the orbit n' = 2. Named after Johann Balmer, who discovered the Balmer formula, an empirical equation to predict the Balmer series, in 1885.
Lyman series. In physics and chemistry, the Lyman series is a hydrogen spectral series of transitions and resulting ultraviolet emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number), the lowest energy level of the electron (groundstate). The transitions are named sequentially by ...
The "visible" hydrogen emission spectrum lines in the Balmer series. H-alpha is the red line at the right. Four lines (counting from the right) are formally in the visible range. Lines five and six can be seen with the naked eye, but are considered to be ultraviolet as they have wavelengths less than 400 nm.
Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system (usually atoms, but sometimes molecules or atomic nuclei) and a single photon. When a photon has about the right amount of energy (which is connected to its frequency) [ 3 ] to allow a change in the energy state of the system (in the case of an atom this is usually an ...
Lyman-alpha. Lyman-alpha, typically denoted by Ly-α, is a spectral line of hydrogen (or, more generally, of any one-electron atom) in the Lyman series. It is emitted when the atomic electron transitions from an n = 2 orbital to the ground state (n = 1), where n is the principal quantum number.