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The performance of an echo canceller is measured in echo return loss enhancement (ERLE), [3] [9] which is the amount of additional signal loss applied by the echo canceller. Most echo cancellers are able to apply 18 to 35 dB ERLE. The total signal loss of the echo (ACOM) is the sum of the ERL and ERLE. [9] [10]
It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. [1] [2]: 5 It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints.
TCP tuning techniques adjust the network congestion avoidance parameters of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections over high-bandwidth, high-latency networks. Well-tuned networks can perform up to 10 times faster in some cases. [1] However, blindly following instructions without understanding their real consequences can hurt ...
The Internet Control Message Protocol provides an echo functionality, where a special packet is transmitted that always produces a reply. Tools such as ping, traceroute, MTR and PathPing use this protocol to provide a visual representation of the path packets are taking, and to measure packet loss at each hop. [b]
TCP delayed acknowledgment is a technique used by some implementations of the Transmission Control Protocol in an effort to improve network performance.In essence, several ACK responses may be combined into a single response, reducing protocol overhead.
CUBIC is a network congestion avoidance algorithm for TCP which can achieve high bandwidth connections over networks more quickly and reliably in the face of high latency than earlier algorithms. It helps optimize long fat networks .
Most Linux systems use a unique Identifier for every ping process, and Sequence Number is an increasing number within that process. Windows uses a fixed Identifier, which varies between Windows versions, and a Sequence Number that is only reset at boot time. The Echo Reply is returned as:
Since Windows Server 2012, it is enabled by default in Windows Server versions, because Data Center Transmission Control Protocol (DCTCP) is used. [12] In previous Windows versions and non-server versions it is disabled by default. ECN support can be enabled using a shell command such as netsh interface tcp set global ecncapability=enabled.