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Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide.
Smoking cessation (if applicable): Smoking is a significant risk factor for AgP, with patients who smoke having more affected teeth with loss of clinical attachment and more bone loss than non-smoking patients with AgP. [48] Non-smokers also tend to have a better response to periodontal therapy as compared to smokers.
These numbers, often referred to as probe measurements, can be assigned to the depth of the gingival sulcus, the location and depth of root furcations, the size and length of oral pathology, the loss of periodontal fiber, the clinical attachment loss (CAL), alveolar bone loss, and help in assessing and determining a periodontal disease ...
Periodontal pocketing < 3mm, but calculus (dental) present with or without plaque retentive factors such as "overhanging" restorations 3: Shallow periodontal pockets (i.e. first band on probe partially visible) 4: Deep periodontal pockets > 5.5 mm (first band on probe disappears) * (star added to the score, e.g. 4*)
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
The depth of the periodontal pockets must be recorded in the patient record for proper monitoring of periodontal disease. Unlike in clinically healthy situations, parts of the sulcular epithelium can sometimes be seen in periodontally involved gingival tissue if air is blown into the periodontal pocket, exposing the newly denuded roots of the ...
Risk characteristics must be considered in conjunction with risk factors as variables that may also contribute to increasing or decreasing one's chances of developing periodontal disease. Numerous studies show that age, gender , race , socioeconomic status , education and genetics also have strong relationships on influencing periodontal disease.
Classification of Periodontal Diseases 2018. In 2018, a new classification system for Periodontal diseases was released. It has 3 main parts: Periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions; Periodontitis; Other conditions affecting the periodontium. In periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions, there are 3 sub-types: [5]