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Leaves of cultivated tree at Birr Castle, Ireland. It is a large evergreen tree growing to 40–60 metres (130–200 ft) tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 2–2.5 metres (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in). It has a conical crown with level branches. The shoots are greyish-pink to buff-brown, smooth and glabrous (hairless).
Many are also decorative garden trees, notably Korean fir and Fraser's fir, which produce brightly coloured cones even when very young, still only 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall. Many fir species are grown in botanic gardens and other specialist tree collections in Europe and North America.
Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. [3] The term twig usually refers to a terminus, while bough refers only to branches coming directly from the trunk. Due to a broad range of species of trees, branches and twigs can be found in many different shapes and sizes.
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Spruce–fir forests can be found in cold regions at high latitudes or high altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere. [1] This includes both areas throughout the high latitude boreal forest of Canada and Russia, [2] [3] as well as mountain ranges at lower latitudes, such as the Rocky Mountains in North America, the Tian Shan in Asia, and the Carpathian Mountains in Europe.
The bark on young trees is smooth, grey, and with resin blisters (which tend to spray when ruptured), becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees. The leaves are flat and needle-like, 15 to 30 mm ( 5 ⁄ 8 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in) long, dark green above often with a small patch of stomata near the tip, and two white stomatal bands below, and a ...
The main branches are long and spreading with pendulous side shoots. The leaves are needle-like, 2.5–4.5 cm (0.98–1.77 in) long, [ 7 ] and are shed when about five years old. The female cones are from 11–17 cm (4.3–6.7 in) long, [ 4 ] larger and with thicker scales than those of other douglas-firs , and with exserted tridentine bracts.
Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, [3] is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and south to Italy, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania and northern Greece.