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Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs were centered around a variety of complex rituals that were influenced by many aspects of Egyptian culture. Religion was a major contributor, since it was an important social practice that bound all Egyptians together.
The ancient Egyptian concept of the soul consisted of nine separate parts. Among these is the Ba, which is commonly translated into English as "soul".The Ba soul was thought to represent one's psyche or personality and was thought to live on after one's death, possessing the ability to traverse between the physical and spiritual planes.
A Study of the Ba Concept in Ancient Egyptian Texts. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. Vol. 34. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Taylor, John H. (2001). Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-79163-7. OCLC 45195698
The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by Day, The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete "Papyrus of Ani", Introduction and commentary by Dr. Ogden Goelet, Translation by Dr. Raymond O. Faulkner, Preface by Carol Andrews, Featuring Integrated Text and Full Color Images, (Chronicle Books, San Francisco) c1994, Rev. ed. c1998.
This collection, called the Book of Two Ways, was the first example of an Ancient Egyptian map of the underworld. The Book of Two Ways is a precursor to the New Kingdom books of the underworld as well as the Book of the Dead, in which descriptions of the routes through the afterlife are a persistent theme.
Preparing for the afterlife “Inside Ancient Egypt” is one of the most popular exhibits at the museum and includes a three-story replica of a type of tomb called a mastaba.The tomb’s burial ...
This period also saw the development of the concept of the ba (soul) and its relation to god. [8] According to Goldwasser (2006) the Hyksos king Apophis (c. 1550 BC) may have been "the first to introduce into the history of ideas, the option of a "single god and no other," the first step on the long winding road of monotheism".
The Book of the Dead was most commonly written in hieroglyphic or hieratic script on a papyrus scroll, and often illustrated with vignettes depicting the deceased and their journey into the afterlife. The finest extant example of the Egyptian in antiquity is the Papyrus of Ani. Ani was an Egyptian scribe.