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In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]
Over a variable name, means that the variable represents a vector, in a context where ordinary variables represent scalars; for example, . Boldface ( v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } ) or a circumflex ( v ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {v}}} ) are often used for the same purpose.
For example, in the notation f(x, y, z), the three variables may be all independent and the notation represents a function of three variables. On the other hand, if y and z depend on x (are dependent variables) then the notation represents a function of the single independent variable x. [24]
In mathematics, an argument of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result. It is also called an independent variable. [1] For example, the binary function (,) = + has two arguments, and , in an ordered pair (,).
Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( January 2011 ) Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics , science , engineering , and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants , special functions , and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
List of letters used in mathematics and science; Glossary of mathematical symbols; List of mathematical uses of Latin letters; Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering; Physical constant; Physical quantity; International System of Units; ISO 31