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Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.
A suction caisson can effectively be described as an inverted bucket that is embedded in the marine sediment. Attachment to the sea bed is achieved either through pushing or by creating a negative pressure inside the caisson skirt by pumping water out of the caisson; both of these techniques have the effect of securing the caisson into the sea ...
The tremie concrete placement method uses a vertical or nearly vertical pipe, through which concrete is placed by gravity feed below water level. [4]The lower end of the pipe is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that concrete rising from the bottom displaces the water above it, thus limiting washing out of the cement content of the fresh concrete at the exposed upper surface.
A caisson (US: / ˈ k eɪ s ɒ n /) is a two-wheeled cart designed to carry artillery ammunition; [3] the British term is "ammunition wagon". Caissons are also used to bear the casket of the deceased in some state and military funerals in certain Western cultures, including the United States .
Ship caisson at Droogdok Jan Blanken at Hellevoetsluis. A caisson is a form of lock gate.It consists of a large floating iron or steel box. This can be flooded to seat the caisson in the opening of the dock to close it, or pumped dry to float it and allow it to be towed clear of the dock.
In closed caissons the internal pressure may be raised to keep water out. Occupants need to use an airlock for access, and may require decompression stops when exiting. Underwater demolition, for removal of damaged structure in repair work, or to prepare an area for new construction. Underwater surveying: site surveys and geological surveys
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The caisson (or caisoon) was thought to be one solution, although it transpired that the technology of the day was not capable of achieving this type of construction economically. It was designed primarily as a water-saving measure, and also was an attempt to minimise construction costs compared with other engineering solutions of the time.