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The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period.
[44] [5] [6] [7] In fact, genomic research has shown that hybridization between substantially diverged lineages is the rule, not the exception, in human evolution. [4] Furthermore, it is argued that hybridization was an essential creative force in the emergence of modern humans.
Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.
This is a counter to the claims by theorists like Noam Chomsky, who argued against language as a human specific adaptation. [17] Adaptation and adaptive theory has been argued even separate from its utility in the study of language. Gould and Lewontin engage with what they saw as flaws in adaptive theory using the analogy of the spandrels of ...
Multiregional evolution holds that the human species first arose around two million years ago and subsequent human evolution has been within a single, continuous human species. This species encompasses all archaic human forms such as Homo erectus , Denisovans , and Neanderthals as well as modern forms, and evolved worldwide to the diverse ...
The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.
Level of support for evolution – Variation in support for the theory of evolution Objections to evolution – Arguments that have been made against evolution Social effects of evolutionary theory – Effects on human societies of the scientific explanation of life's diversity
Pithecometra: In the frontispiece from his 1863 Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, Huxley compared skeletons of apes to humans.. The Pithecometra principle or Pithecometra thesis (German: Pithecometra-Satz) describes the evolution of humans; the pithecometra law is analogous to the concept that "man evolved within apes" or "man descended from apes" as advocated by Thomas Henry Huxley.