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The nuclear lamina consists of two components, lamins and nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments which can be categorized as either A-type (lamin A, C) or B-type (lamin B 1, B 2) according to homology of their DNA sequences, biochemical properties and cellular localization during the cell cycle.
Nuclear lamins interact with inner nuclear membrane proteins to form the nuclear lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope. Lamins have elastic and mechanosensitive properties, and can alter gene regulation in a feedback response to mechanical cues. [1] Lamins are present in all animals but are not found in microorganisms, plants or fungi.
The nuclear envelope is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. These membranes are connected to each other by nuclear pores. Two sets of intermediate filaments provide support for the nuclear envelope. An internal network forms the nuclear lamina on the inner nuclear membrane. [7]
4001 16906 Ensembl ENSG00000113368 ENSMUSG00000024590 UniProt P20700 P14733 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001198557 NM_005573 NM_010721 RefSeq (protein) NP_001185486 NP_005564 NP_034851 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 126.78 – 126.84 Mb Chr 18: 56.84 – 56.89 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Lamin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB1 gene. The nuclear lamina consists of ...
Laminins were previously numbered as they were discovered, i.e., laminin-1, laminin-2, laminin-3, etc., but the nomenclature was changed to describe which chains are present in each isoform (laminin-111, laminin-211, etc.). [3] In addition, many laminins had common names before either laminin nomenclature was in place. [7] [8]
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a crucial cellular structure with a diameter of approximately 120 nanometers in vertebrates. Its channel varies from 5.2 nanometers in humans [14] to 10.7 nm in the frog Xenopus laevis, with a depth of roughly 45 nm. [15] Additionally, mRNA, being single-stranded, has a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 nm.
A cross section of a nuclear pore on the surface of the nuclear envelope (1). Other diagram labels show (2) the outer ring, (3) spokes, (4) basket, and (5) filaments. The nuclear envelope consists of two membranes, an inner and an outer nuclear membrane, perforated by nuclear pores.
In contrast to the cytoskeleton, however, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a dynamic structure. Along with the nuclear lamina, it supposedly aids in organizing the genetic information within the cell. [1] The exact function of this structure is still disputed, and its very existence has been called into question. [2]