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The luminous efficacy of a typical CFL is 50–70 lumens per watt (lm/W) and that of a typical incandescent lamp is 10–17 lm/W. [38] Compared to a theoretical 100%-efficient lamp ( 680 lm/W ), CFL lamps have lighting efficiency ranges of 7–10%, [ 39 ] versus 1.5–2.5% [ 40 ] for incandescents.
Luminous blue variable stars can undergo "giant outbursts" with dramatically increased mass loss and luminosity. η Carinae is the prototypical example, [20] with P Cygni showing one or more similar outbursts 300–400 years ago, [21] but dozens have now been catalogued in external galaxies.