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The classes only apply to the regular fixed-term elections of the Senate. A special election to fill a vacancy, usually either due to the incumbent resigning or dying while in office, may happen in any given year regardless of the seat's class. [3] A senator's description as junior or senior senator is also not related to their class.
One effect of popular election of senators was to reduce the difference between the House and Senate in terms of their link to the electorate. [34] Lame duck reforms according to the Twentieth Amendment reduced the power of defeated and retiring members of Congress to wield influence despite their lack of accountability. [35]
Since each state has two senators, residents of smaller states have more clout in the Senate than residents of larger states. But since 1787, the population disparity between large and small states has grown; in 2006, for example, California had seventy times the population of Wyoming. [45]
But in the United States' unusual election system, there are in essence two counts —the popular vote and the results in the electoral college. ... 54, for its 52 representatives and two senators ...
Major election threats according to 2022 survey of Californians [49] Voting laws and procedures between the states vary as a consequence of the decentralized system, including those pertaining to provisional ballots, postal voting, voter IDs, voter registration, voting machines and vote counting, felony disenfranchisement, and election recounts.
A senator elected in a special election takes office as soon as possible after the election and serves until the original six-year term expires (i.e. not for a full-term). The Seventeenth Amendment permits state legislatures to empower their governors to make temporary appointments until the required special election takes place.
Control of the Congress from 1855 to 2025 Popular vote and house seats won by party. Party divisions of United States Congresses have played a central role on the organization and operations of both chambers of the United States Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—since its establishment as the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States in 1789.
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority and in their leadership elections, John Thune was elected as successor to Mitch McConnell after 18 years. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority since the 65th Congress .