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The Iron Age (c. 1200 – c. 550 BC) is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. [1] It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progressing to protohistory (before written history).
The Bronze Age (c. 3300 – c. 1200 BC) was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas.
The Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages are also known collectively as the Metal Ages. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In history, archaeology and physical anthropology , the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century according to which artefacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be broadly ordered into a ...
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
A heavy metal is any relatively dense metal, either single element or multielement. [46] Magnesium , aluminium and titanium alloys are light metals of significant commercial importance. [ 47 ] Their densities of 1.7, 2.7 and 4.5 g/cm 3 range from 19 to 56% of the densities of other structural metals, [ 48 ] such as iron (7.9) and copper (8.9 ...
Cylinder seal with bulls and lion from the Proto-Elamite period; c. 3100–2900 BC, excavated in 1932, Louvre Museum, reference Sb 6166. [1] [2]The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3100 BC to 2700 BC.
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Domestic equipment included a distinctive fine quality buff or greenish colored pottery decorated with geometric designs in brown or black paint. Tools such as sickles were often made of hard fired clay in the south, while in the north stone and sometimes metal were used. Villages thus contained specialised craftspeople, potters, weavers, and ...