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Data auditing can also refer to the audit of a system to determine its efficacy in performing its function. For instance, it can entail the evaluation of the information systems of the IT departments to determine whether they are effective in protecting the integrity of critical data. [ 2 ]
Audit evidence collection is also being improved through audit data analytics, which also provide the auditor the ability to view the entire population of data, rather than just a sample. [4] Viewing greater amounts of data leads to a more efficient audit and a greater understanding of the audit evidence.
Quality audit is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team. It is an important part of an organization's quality management system and is a key element in the ISO quality system standard, ISO 9001 .
Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. [1]
SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).
The lower the audit risk, the higher the materiality will be set. In terms of the Conceptual Framework (see "materiality in accounting" above), materiality also has a qualitative aspect. This means that, even if a misstatement is not material in "Dollar" (or other denomination) terms, it may still be material because of its nature.
Similarly, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) has developed a performance audit methodology for its audits of the sound financial management of the European Commission and the programmes funded through the EU budget. [2] Performance audits may also be conducted by internal auditors who are employees of the entity being audited.
In collaboration with the audit committee, ensure that a practice inspection or other external review of the internal audit function is conducted at least every 3 years, by a qualified, independent external review team, and that the results of this external assessment are communicated to the audit committee.