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Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel-framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates.It is a fundamental element in frame building. The majority non-masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least-expensive material used for studs.
Interior loadbearing walls are framed in the same way as exterior walls. Studs are usually 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm × 89 mm) lumber spaced at 16 in (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 in (300 or 610 mm) depending on the loads supported and the type and thickness of the wall finish used. [12]
A characteristic of the eastern school is close studding which is a half-timbering style of many studs spaced about the width of the studs apart (for example six-inch studs spaced six inches apart) until the middle of the 16th century and sometimes wider spacing after that time. Close studding was an elite style found mostly on expensive buildings.
In construction, a dwang (Scotland and New Zealand), [1] [2] [3] nogging piece, nogging, noggin or nog (England and Australia; all derived from brick nog), [4] [5] or blocking (North America), is a horizontal bracing piece used between wall studs to give rigidity to the wall frames of a building. Noggings may be made of timber, steel, or aluminium.
The girt is commonly used as a stabilizing element to the primary structure (e.g. column, post). Wall cladding fastened to the girt, or a discrete bracing system which includes the girt, can provide shear resistance, in the plane of the wall, along the length of the primary member.
Timber roof truss example. The top members of a truss are known generically as the top chord, bottom members as the bottom chord, and the interior members as webs.In historic carpentry the top chords are often called rafters, and the bottom chord is often referred to as a tie beam.
Poles, from which these buildings get their name, are natural shaped or round wooden timbers 4 to 12 inches (100 to 300 mm) in diameter. [4] The structural frame of a pole building is made of tree trunks, utility poles, engineered lumber or chemically pressure-treated squared timbers which may be buried in the ground or anchored to a concrete slab.
The main function of an OWSJ is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column. In order to accurately design an OWSJ, engineers consider the joist span between bearing points, joist spacing, slope, live loads , dead loads , collateral loads, seismic ...