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[7] [8] [9] It has been proposed that age-related diseases are mediated by vicious cycles. [10] On the basis of extensive research, DNA damage has emerged a major culprit in cancer and numerous other diseases related to ageing. [11] DNA damage can initiate the development of cancer or other aging related diseases depending on several factors.
In 2007–2009, the most frequently occurring conditions among older people in the United States were uncontrolled hypertension (34%), arthritis (50%), and heart disease (32%). [52] Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH), defined as "coughing and bringing up sputum", is a common respiratory symptom in elderly people. [53]
Moreover, common diseases may present atypically in elderly patients, adding further diagnostic and therapeutic complexity to patient care. Geriatrics is highly interdisciplinary consisting of specialty providers from the fields of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, and physical and occupational therapy.
Research also suggests that social isolation and mortality in the elderly share a common link to chronic inflammation with some differences between men and women. [70] Social isolation has also been found to be associated with poor mental health including increased risk for depression, cognitive decline, anxiety, and substance use. [66]
Common chronic diseases include diabetes, functional gastrointestinal disorder, eczema, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An illness which is lifelong because it ends in death is a terminal illness ...
Multimorbidity is common in older adults, estimated to affect over half of those aged 65 and over. This increased prevalence has been explained by older adults' "longer exposure and increased vulnerability to risk factors for chronic health problems". [2] The prevalence of multimorbidity has been increasing in recent decades.
Occupational skin diseases are ranked among the top five occupational diseases in many countries. [4] Occupational skin diseases and conditions are generally caused by chemicals and having wet hands for long periods while at work. Eczema is by far the most common, but urticaria, sunburn and skin cancer are also of concern. [5]
The incidence of chronic disease has increased as mortality rates have decreased. [1] It is estimated that by 2030 half of the population of the USA will have one or more chronic conditions. [2] According to the CDC, 6 out of 10 adults in the U.S. are managing at least one chronic disease and 42% of adults have two or more chronic conditions. [3]