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The glycocalyx (pl.: glycocalyces or glycocalyxes), also known as the pericellular matrix and cell coat, is a layer of glycoproteins and glycolipids which surround the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. [1] Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like coating on the external surface of their plasma membranes.
Euglenophyceae or Euglenea is a group of single-celled algae belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa. [2] [3] They have chloroplasts originated from an event of secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. They are distinguished from other algae by the presence of paramylon as a storage product and three membranes surrounding each chloroplast. [4]
[1] [2] Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. [3] Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 [4] genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. [1] In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over ...
The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
The algae supply nutrients produced via photosynthesis to the Hydra. Because the algae live in the vacuoles of the cells, they are protected from the digestive enzymes of the Hydra . [ 3 ] During long period of darkness, such as storms or blooms that block sunlight, algae loss starts from the tentacles, hypostome and growth region.
Nannochloropsis is a genus of algae comprising six known species.The genus in the current taxonomic classification was first termed by Hibberd (1981). [2] The species have mostly been known from the marine environment but also occur in fresh and brackish water. [3]
Amongst the green algae especially, the group Volvocales are known to produce exopolysaccharides at a certain point in their life cycle. It occurs in almost all plants, but usually in small amounts. It is frequently associated with substances like tannins and alkaloids. [3] Mucilage has a unique purpose in some carnivorous plants.
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. [1] Characteristics. The thallus is filamentous, highly branched, and may be packed into a mass.