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Syair (Jawi: شعير) is a form of traditional Malay (also subsequently modern Indonesian and Malaysian) poetry that is made up of four-line stanzas or quatrains.The syair can be a narrative poem, a didactic poem, a poem used to convey ideas on religion or philosophy, or even one to describe a historical event.
Several forms of Malay poetry, which are either in the form of pantun (poems that rhymed with each other and are didactic in its every sense), syair (a long narrative poem, that is made up of four stanzas and recited with a tone akin to singing), gurindam and seloka and still remain popular today. Modern Malay poetry consists of the sajak. [2]
Gurindam (Jawi: ڬوريندام) is a type of irregular verse form of traditional Malay poetry. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a combination of two clauses where the relative clause forms a line and is thus linked to the second line, or the main clause.
The frontispiece of a Jawi edition of the Malay Annals. Classical Malay literature, also known as traditional Malay literature, refers to the Malay-language literature from the Malay world, consisting of areas now part of Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia; works from countries such as the Philippines and Sri Lanka have also been included.
The Syair Bidasari is a Malay poem popular across Southeast Asia. [1] [2] [3] Surviving manuscripts date to the early 19th century, and the story may be older.[4] [5] Following a beautiful maiden who falls into a deathlike sleep during the day, it has been compared to the European fairy tales of Snow White and Sleeping Beauty.
The contents of the songs are mostly to do with advice on love, life, and marriage and are affectionately known in Malay as dondang sayang meaning "song of love". Within each of these folk-songs, messages and stories are told, a kind of informal handing down of wisdom from the old to the young in the form of poetry which may include any of these:
Pantun during Malacca era was featured in the most important Malay literary text, the Malay Annals [16] and is regarded as a high art and has been the integral part of classical Malay literature. It also thrived as a natural part in the daily communication of traditional Malay society and served as the important expressive tool in Malay songs ...
Perang sabil was the Malay equivalent to other terms like Jihad, Ghazawat for "Holy war", the text was also spelled "Hikayat perang sabi". [10] Fiction novels like Sayf Muhammad Isa's Sabil: Prahara di Bumi Rencong on the war by Aceh against the Dutch include references ro Hikayat Perang Sabil. [11]