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Cream forms are usually attached to paper or film. Polishing creams are commonly used to remove thin layers of insoluble surface deposits such as calcium. These creams can also remove surface dirt and marks made by tools. The best creams of ceramic do not have oil, grease, or bleach as additives and are used only on glazed ceramics. [4]: p.86–87
Ceramic colorants are added to a glaze or a clay to create color. Carbonates and oxides of certain metals, characterize most colorants including the commonly used cobalt carbonate, cobalt oxide, chrome oxide, red iron oxide, and copper carbonate. These colorants can create a multitude of colors depending on other materials they interact with ...
Another factor in stain removal is the fact that stains can sometimes comprise two separate staining agents, which require separate forms of removal. A machine oil stain could also contain traces of metal, for example. [1] Also of concern is the color of the material that is stained.
Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants.
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The bleaches used to remove unwanted fungal stains from wood include two-part peroxide bleach and solutions of sodium hypochlorite. [27] The former is particularly effective at removing the natural colour of wood before it is recoloured with pigmented stains or dyes. [27] Oxalic acid is particularly effective at removing iron stains from wood. [27]
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The permanent swelling of a ceramic article during firing caused by the evolution of gases. Blunging The energetic mixing of ceramic raw materials, especially clays, with water to produce slip or slurry. Undertaken in large tanks called blungers. [2] Body The structural portion of a ceramic article, or the material or mixture from which it is made.