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Wang Yangming – important Idealist Neo-Confucian. [1] Zhang Zai – pioneering Neo-Confucian. [2] Zhou Dunyi – Song Dynasty philosopher. [3] Zhu Xi – one of the leading Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty. [4] Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi also called the cheng Brother's Students of Zhou dunyi works collected by zhu xi [5] [6]
Confucianism revolves around the pursuit of the unity of the individual self and tian ("heaven"). To put it another way, it focuses on the relationship between humanity and heaven. [33] [34] The principle or way of Heaven (tian li or tian tao) is the order of the world and the source of divine authority. [34]
Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi), rationalist and leading figure of the School of Principle. Chen Hongmou, argued for racial and sexual equality in the place of education. Wang Fuzhi, believed Confucius' teachings had become distorted, so wrote his own commentaires. Wang Yangming, idealist and leading figure of the School of Mind.
Confucius was born into the class of shi (士), between the aristocracy and the common people. He is said to have worked in various government jobs during his early 20s, and as a bookkeeper and a caretaker of sheep and horses, using the proceeds to give his mother a proper burial.
Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism was first adopted as state ideology by the Emperor Wu of Han upon the advice of the statesman Gongsun Hong. [1] [2] [3] Confucianism was later promulgated throughout the Sinosphere. [4] [5]
Confucianism and Taoism became the determining forces of Chinese thought until the introduction of Buddhism. Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements. He also was a promoter of ...
Along with the descendants of the other Four Sages (Confucius, Mencius, Zengzi, and Yan Hui), the descendants of Confucius still determine part of their children's given names using this generation poem given to them by the Ming dynasty Jianwen Emperor and extended by later emperors: [45]
In the following poem, "Reflections While Reading - 1" Zhu Xi illustrates this concept by comparing the mind to a mirror, left covered until needed that simply reflects the world around it, staying clear by the flowing waters symbolizing the Tao. In Chinese, the mind was sometimes called "the square inch", which is the literal translation of ...