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Mydriasis is frequently induced by drugs for certain ophthalmic examinations and procedures, particularly those requiring visual access to the retina. Fixed, unilateral mydriasis could be a symptom of raised intracranial pressure. The opposite, constriction of the pupil, is referred to as miosis. Both mydriasis and miosis can be physiological.
It is conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine, where 75% of the drug is excreted, [117] and about 15% is eliminated in feces. [118]: 430 Desmethylmirtazapine is an active metabolite of mirtazapine which is believed to contribute about 3-10% to the drug's overall effects and has a half-life of about 25 hours. [8]
Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug that produces short acting mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia [7] when applied as eye drops. It is used to allow better examination of the lens , vitreous humor , and retina .
Lethality of cyclopentolate has been studied in rodents. The LD50 (the dose at which 50% of animals die from the drug) is approximately 4000 mg/kg in rats and 960 mg/kg in mice. Readily recognizable symptoms of overdose include tachycardia, dizziness, dry mouth, behavioral disturbances, uncoordination, and drowsiness.
When cycloplegic drugs are used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil, the pupil in the normal eye regains its function when the drugs are metabolized or carried away. Some cycloplegic drugs can cause dilation of the pupil for several days.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Symptoms include high fever , confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [ 1 ]
The Mayo Clinic diet, a program that adheres to this notion, was developed by medical professionals based on scientific research, so you can trust that this program is based on science, and not ...
Some cancer chemotherapy drugs, including camptothecin derivatives; Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant ; Some MAO inhibitors; Pilocarpine eye drops and all other parasympathomimetics; In some rare cases, when exposed to mustard gas; Organophosphates