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P or p is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pee (pronounced / ˈ p iː / ), plural pees .
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. [2] [3] It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, [4] and is the earliest known alphabetic script to have developed distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. [5]
The letters u and j, as distinct from v and i, were introduced in the 16th century, and w assumed the status of an independent letter. The variant lowercase form long s (ſ) lasted into early modern English , and was used in non-final position up to the early 19th century.
minuscule: ᵽ) or "P with stroke" is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from P with the addition of a stroke, usually through the bowl but sometimes through the descender. It is used in some phonetic transcription systems, such as the Americanist phonetic notation , to represent a fricative [ ɸ ] .
The letter j is i with a flourish; u and v are the same letter in early scripts and varied according to position in insular half-uncial and caroline minuscule and later scripts; W is a ligature of vv; in Anglo-Saxon insular the rune wynn is used as a w and thorn (þ) for th.
The letter eth ð was an alteration of Latin d , and the runic letters thorn þ and wynn ƿ are borrowings from futhorc. Also used was a symbol for the conjunction and , a character similar to the number seven ( ⁊ , called ond or a Tironian et ) which is still used in Irish and Scottish Gaelic , and a symbol for the relative pronoun þæt , a ...
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2] [3] A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 January 2025. See also: List of Cyrillic multigraphs Main articles: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabets, and Early Cyrillic alphabet This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This is a list of letters of the ...