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Gadolinium as a metal or a salt absorbs neutrons and is, therefore, used sometimes for shielding in neutron radiography and in nuclear reactors. Like most of the rare earths, gadolinium forms trivalent ions with fluorescent properties, and salts of gadolinium(III) are used as phosphors in various applications.
Gadolinium(III) oxide (archaically gadolinia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Gd 2 O 3. It is one of the most commonly available forms of the rare-earth element gadolinium , derivatives, of which are potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging .
Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG, Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, with good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. It is typically colorless. It has a cubic lattice, a density of 7.08 g/cm 3 and its Mohs hardness is variously noted as 6.5 and 7.5.
The crystal structure of gadolinium oxysulfide has Trigonal symmetry (space group number 164). Each gadolinium ion is coordinated by four oxygen atoms and three sulfur atoms in a non-inversion symmetric arrangement. The Gd 2 O 2 S structure is a sulfur layer with double layers of gadolinium and oxygen in between. [4]
Gadolinium isotopes have 10 metastable isomers, with the most stable being 143m Gd (t 1/2 = 110 seconds), 145m Gd (t 1/2 = 85 seconds) and 141m Gd (t 1/2 = 24.5 seconds). The primary decay mode at atomic weights lower than the most abundant stable isotope, 158 Gd, is electron capture , and the primary mode at higher atomic weights is beta decay .
Gadolinium(III) chloride, also known as gadolinium trichloride, is GdCl 3. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, water-soluble solid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, water-soluble solid. The hexahydrate GdCl 3 ∙6H 2 O is commonly encountered and is sometimes also called gadolinium trichloride.
Gadolinium(III) nitride can be prepared by the direct reaction of gadolinium metal and nitrogen gas at 1600 °C and at a pressure of 1300 atm. [4] 2Gd + N 2 → 2GdN Properties
The decahydrate of gadolinium oxalate thermally decomposes to obtain the anhydrous form, which can then be heated to produce gadolinium oxide. [2] Gadolinium oxalate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Gd(C 2 O 4)Cl. [3] It also reacts with sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions to produce gadolinium hydroxide. [1]