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Unit 731 (Japanese: 731部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai), [note 1] short for Manchu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment [3]: 198 and the Ishii Unit, [5] was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War ...
Though it is unclear on whether Emperor Hirohito was made aware of the full extent of Unit 731, the emperor's younger brother, Prince Mikasa, had toured the headquarters of Unit 731 and wrote in his memoirs that he watched films of how Chinese prisoners were "made to march on the plains of Manchuria for poison gas experiments on humans." [8]
Yoshimura Hisato (Japanese: 吉村 寿人; February 9, 1907 – November 29, 1990) was a Japanese war criminal, medical scientist, and physiologist who served as a member of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army, during World War II and conducted experiments on prisoners of war and civilians in Manchukuo, Northeast China.
From its base in Japanese-controlled Harbin in China, Unit 731 and r. ... Morimura survived harsh U.S. bombings of the Tokyo region toward the end of World War II and developed pacifist principles ...
Speaking to the overall judicial integrity of the proceedings, bioethics expert Jing-Bao Nie said the following: Despite its strong ideological tone and many obvious shortcomings such as the lack of international participation, the trial established beyond reasonable doubt that the Japanese army had prepared and deployed bacteriological weapons and that Japanese researchers had conducted cruel ...
The Japanese government also accepted the terms set by the Potsdam Declaration (1945) after the end of the war. The declaration alluded, in Article 10, to two kinds of war crime: one was the violation of international laws, such as the abuse of prisoners of war ; the other was obstructing " democratic tendencies among the Japanese people" and ...
In late 1949, the Soviet Union also put twelve Japanese on trial in Khabarovsk for biological warfare offenses—six were from Unit 731, two from Unit 100, and four from other groups. Later, several hundred Japanese people suspected of war crimes were handed over to the People's Republic of China, where they faced trials in the mid-1950s.
Although the Kuomintang took no notice of these reports, [8] Zhongma Fortress was closed down due to the significant publicity, and its activities transferred to a new site closer to Harbin called Pingfang (Heibo), which came to be known as Unit 731. The testimony of one of the escapees, Ziyang Wang, was collected by Xiao Han, deputy director ...