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The Manufacturing Automation Industry is broken down into three main categories; Continuous control, Batch control and Discrete control. [2] The batch control industry and the packaging industry (discrete control of packaging machines) are the focus of a set of standards and guidelines that are similar but have differences driven by equipment functionality.
In a common type of stuffing box, rings of braided fiber, known as shaft packing or gland packing, form a seal between the shaft and the stuffing box. A traditional variety of shaft packing comprises a square cross-section rope made of flax or hemp impregnated with wax and lubricants. A turn of the adjusting nut compresses the shaft packing.
The power needed from the drive is proportional to the pressure and capacity of the pump. [1] Seals are an integral part of piston pumps and plunger pumps to separate the power fluid from the medium that is being pumped. A stuffing box or packing is used to seal the joint between the vessel where the medium is transferred and the plunger or ...
Soft packing was used as secondary sealing elements. The O-ring was developed in the 1930s but not used in mechanical seals until after World War II. In the late 1930s, probably about 1938 or 1939, mechanical seals began to replace packing on automobile water pumps. The famous Jeep of WWII used a rubber bellows seal in the water pump.
In the bin packing problem, there are n items with different sizes. The goal is to pack the items into a minimum number of bins, where each bin can contain at most B. A feasible configuration is a set of sizes with a sum of at most B. Example: [7] suppose the item sizes are 3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4, and B=12. Then the possible configurations are ...
A mud pump is composed of many parts including mud pump liner, mud pump piston, modules, hydraulic seat pullers, and other parts. Parts of a mud pump: housing itself, liner with packing, cover plus packing, piston and piston rod, suction valve and discharge valve with their seats, stuffing box (only in double-acting pumps),
An axial-flow pump for industrial use. An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe.The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or by electric motor or petrol/diesel engines mounted to the pipe from the outside or by a right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe.
Pump curves are quite useful in the pump selection, testing, operation and maintenance. Pump performance curve is a graph of differential head against the operating flow rate. They specify performance and efficiency characteristics. Performance tests are done on the pumps to verify the claims made by the pump maker.