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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5 ]
If small for gestational age babies have been the subject of intrauterine growth restriction, formerly known as intrauterine growth retardation, [5] the term "SGA associated with intrauterine growth restriction" is used. Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined ...
An impaired placenta cannot support the pregnancy and this may lead to the loss of a chromosomally normal baby. [5] On the other hand, an apparently normal diploid fetus may experience problems with growth or development due to the effects of uniparental disomy (UPD). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been reported in a number of CPM ...
Gestational age at birth is on average shortened by various pregnancy aspects: twin pregnancy, prelabor rupture of (fetal) membranes, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction. [29] The ratio between fetal growth rate and uterine size (reflecting uterine distension) is suspected to partially determine the pregnancy length. [30]
Associative prevention mechanisms can be a method of minimising the risk of developing the disease, within early stages of pregnancy. Placental syndromes include pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and intrauterine fetal demise. [7]
764 Slow fetal growth and fetal malnutrition. 764.0 Newborn, light-for-dates, weight unspec. 765 Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight. 765.1 Preterm infant, weight unspec. 766 Disorders relating to long gestation and high birthweight. 766.0 Exceptionally large baby, 4,500g plus. 766.21 Post-term infant
If velamentous cord insertion is diagnosed, fetal growth is assessed every four weeks using ultrasound beginning at 28 weeks. If intrauterine growth restriction is observed, the umbilical cord is also assessed for signs of compression. Non-stress tests may be performed twice a week to ensure adequate blood flow to the fetus. [16]
There is much variation in the growth of the human fetus. When the fetal size is less than expected, the condition is known as intrauterine growth restriction also called fetal growth restriction; factors affecting fetal growth can be maternal , placental , or fetal .