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Spatial statistics is a field of applied statistics dealing with spatial data. It involves stochastic processes ( random fields , point processes ), sampling , smoothing and interpolation , regional ( areal unit ) and lattice ( gridded ) data, point patterns , as well as image analysis and stereology .
Spatial regression methods capture spatial dependency in regression analysis, avoiding statistical problems such as unstable parameters and unreliable significance tests, as well as providing information on spatial relationships among the variables involved. Depending on the specific technique, spatial dependency can enter the regression model ...
Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets.Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, [1] it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ...
Because the world is much more complex than can be represented in a computer, all geospatial data are incomplete approximations of the world. [9] Thus, most geospatial data models encode some form of strategy for collecting a finite sample of an often infinite domain, and a structure to organize the sample in such a way as to enable interpolation of the nature of the unsampled portion.
In spatial statistics the theoretical variogram, denoted (,), is a function describing the degree of spatial dependence of a spatial random field or stochastic process (). ...
Spatial descriptive statistics is the intersection of spatial statistics and descriptive statistics; these methods are used for a variety of purposes in geography, particularly in quantitative data analyses involving Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
The need to use point processes to model these kinds of data lies in their inherent spatial structure. Accordingly, a first question of interest is often whether the given data exhibit complete spatial randomness (i.e. are a realization of a spatial Poisson process) as opposed to exhibiting either spatial aggregation or spatial inhibition.
Spatial econometrics is the field where spatial analysis and econometrics intersect. The term “spatial econometrics” was introduced for the first time by the Belgian economist Jean Paelinck (universally recognised as the father of the discipline) in the general address he delivered to the annual meeting of the Dutch Statistical Association in May 1974 (Paelinck and Klaassen, 1979).