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Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, menses, and human metabolism including urine and feces.As part of a sanitation system that is in place, human waste is collected, transported, treated and disposed of or reused by one method or another, depending on the type of toilet being used, ability by the users to pay for services and other factors.
The liver and kidneys clear many substances from the blood (for example, in renal excretion), and the cleared substances are then excreted from the body in the urine and feces. [ 6 ] Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the external environment, as this compound has high solubility and there is ample water available for dilution.
The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the waste products of metabolism and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other amniotes ( mammals , birds and reptiles ), most of these substances leave the body as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel ...
Human feces photographed in a toilet, shortly after defecation.. Human feces (American English) or faeces (British English), commonly and in medical literature more often called stool, [1] are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine of humans, but has been further broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
Feces can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner in agriculture. They can also be burned as fuel or dried and used for construction. Some medicinal uses have been found. In the case of human feces, fecal transplants or fecal bacteriotherapy are in use. Urine and feces together are called excreta.
Onsite sanitation (or on-site sanitation) is defined as "a sanitation system in which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored or treated on the plot where they are generated". [22]: 173 Another term that is used for the same system is non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS), which are prevalent in many countries. [39]
Some animals use it to mark their territories. [2] [3] Historically, aged or fermented urine (known as lant) was also used for gunpowder production, household cleaning, tanning of leather, and dyeing of textiles. Human urine and feces are collectively referred to as human waste (or human excreta), and are managed via sanitation systems.
Treatment disposal of human excreta can be categorized into three types: fertilizer use, discharge and biogas use. Discharge is the disposal of human excreta to soil, septic tank or water body. [75] In China, with the impact of the long tradition, human excreta is often used as fertilizer for crops. [76]