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In 1947, Congress consolidated Army and Navy officer management legislation into the Officer Personnel Act (OPA). With the encouragement of the Army (notably by General Dwight Eisenhower ), the OPA extended the "up or out" system across the military and required officers to go before promotion boards at set times based on cohorts, normally ...
The Officer Personnel Act of 1947 gave the Army its first up-or-out promotion system, eliminating officers after a maximum number of years in each grade. Before 1947, Army officers were promoted by seniority up to the grade of colonel, with a mandatory retirement age of 60 for colonels, 62 for brigadier generals, and 64 for major generals.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff in May 2024. Clockwise from left: George, Smith, Franchetti, Allvin, Saltzman, Hokanson, Grady, and Brown. Although four-star officers appeared in organizations like the Continental Army before the United States of America was founded in 1776, the legislative history of four-star officers in the United States uniformed services began in 1799, when Congress authorized ...
Admirals Ernest J. King, William D. Leahy, and General George C. Marshall at the White House, 1942.. From 1899, when the Navy's Civil War-era four-star grade was recreated after the Spanish-American War, through 1947, when the Officer Personnel Act defined the post-World War II military establishment, four-star grades evolved along two parallel tracks, one decorative and one functional.
An officer must be on an approved and confirmed promotion list. An officer must not be under a suspension of favorable personnel actions. Authority to wear the grade of rank to which frocked will not be recorded in official orders. A frocked officer is not entitled to the pay and allowances commensurate with the grade of rank to which frocked.
Officers of the United States Air Force take the following oath: [4]. I, (state your name), having been appointed a (rank) in the United States Air Force, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, Foreign and domestic, that I bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any ...
Suspension of Certain Provisions of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, as Amended, Which Relate to the Promotion of Officers of the Medical Corps and Dental Corps of the Navy August 19, 1955 203 10633: Establishing an Airspace Reservation Over the Las Vegas Project, Las Vegas, Nevada August 19, 1955 204 10634
Authorized promotion on the retired list of Regular Army and Regular Air Force officers to the highest temporary grades in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months between September 6, 1940, and June 30, 1946 (Herbert J. Brees, George H. Brett, Ira C. Eaker, Harold L. George). Act of October 12, 1949