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The standards are technology-based, i.e. they are based on the performance of treatment and control technologies (e.g., Best Available Technology). Effluent Guidelines are not based on risk or impacts of pollutants upon receiving waters. [2] Since the mid-1970s, EPA has promulgated ELGs for 59 industrial categories, with over 450 subcategories.
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment.
EPA has published technology-based regulations, called "effluent guidelines", for 59 industrial categories. [11] The agency reviews the standards annually, conducts research on various categories, and makes revisions as appropriate. [16] Noncompliance with these standards and all other conditions in the permits is punishable by law. [18]
An effluent limitation is a United States Clean Water Act standard of performance reflecting a specified level of discharge reduction achievable by the best available technology or related standards for various sources of water pollution.
These standards have been developed for both industrial dischargers and municipal sewage treatment plants: For industrial categories, EPA publishes Effluent guidelines for existing sources, as well as New Source Performance Standards. [11] For sewage treatment plants, the Secondary Treatment Regulation is the national standard. [12]
These regulations can include emission limits that specify the rate, amount, and kinds of pollutants that may be emitted from a given source over a specific period. The EPA's various effluent limitations for water pollution under the CWA are simply a few of the many environmental regulations that are nominally performance standards.
Effluent sewer systems, also called septic tank effluent drainage (STED) or solids-free sewer (SFS) systems, have septic tanks that collect sewage from residences and businesses, and the effluent that comes out of the tank is sent to either a centralized sewage treatment plant or a distributed treatment system for further treatment. Most of the ...
The EPA regulations require each facility to apply for a specific permit for its wastewater discharges, and consequently require that each facility treat its wastewater. [101] In addition to effluent limitations, the permits include monitoring and reporting requirements, which are used by EPA and states to enforce the limitations. [17]