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In computer programming, cohesion refers to the degree to which the elements inside a module belong together. [1] In one sense, it is a measure of the strength of relationship between the methods and data of a class and some unifying purpose or concept served by that class. In another sense, it is a measure of the strength of relationship ...
Stamp coupling occurs when modules share a composite data structure and use only parts of it, possibly different parts (e.g., passing a whole record to a function that needs only one field of it). In this situation, a modification in a field that a module does not need may lead to changing the way the module reads the record.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data preprocessing.. The data is linearly transformed onto a new coordinate system such that the directions (principal components) capturing the largest variation in the data can be easily identified.
Example of a Structured Chart. [1] A structure chart (SC) in software engineering and organizational theory is a chart which shows the smallest of a system to its lowest manageable levels. [2] They are used in structured programming to arrange program modules into a tree. Each module is represented by a box, which contains the module's name.
These techniques have not been invented to create new ways of working, but to better document and standardize old, tried-and-tested programming principles in object-oriented design. Larman states that "the critical design tool for software development is a mind well educated in design principles. It is not UML or any other technology."
An aggregation is a kind of association that models a part/whole relationship between an aggregate (whole) and a group of related components (parts). A composition, also called a composite aggregation, is a kind of aggregation that models a part/whole relationship between a composite (whole) and a group of exclusively owned parts.
In this example, two test cases are sufficient to achieve a complete branch coverage, while four are necessary for complete path coverage. The cyclomatic complexity of the program is 3 (as the strongly connected graph for the program contains 9 edges, 7 nodes, and 1 connected component) (9 − 7 + 1).
Nassi–Shneiderman diagrams are only rarely used for formal programming. Their abstraction level is close to structured program code and modifications require the whole diagram to be redrawn, but graphic editors removed that limitation. They clarify algorithms and high-level designs, which make them useful in teaching.