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Ecclesiastical polity is the government of a church. There are local (congregational) forms of organization as well as denominational. A church's polity may describe its ministerial offices or an authority structure between churches. Polity relates closely to ecclesiology, the theological study of the church.
The word presbyter etymologically derives from Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros), the comparative form of πρέσβυς (presbys), "old man". [6] However, while the English word priest has presbyter as the etymological origin, [7] the distinctive Greek word (Greek ἱερεύς hiereus) for "priest" is never used for presbyteros/episkopos in the New Testament, except as being part of ...
A small cross of gold sheet, with rubbings of coins of Justin II (emperor in 565–574) and holes for nails or thread, Italian, 6th century. Caesaropapism / ˌ s iː z ər oʊ ˈ p eɪ p ɪ z əm / is the idea of combining the social and political power of secular government with religious power, or of making secular authority superior to the spiritual authority of the Church, especially ...
The term derives from διοίκησις (dioikēsis), literally "housekeeping", which already in Classical Antiquity came to mean "administration", especially connected with finances, both public and sacred (connected to the temples).
Churches with an episcopal polity are governed by bishops, practising their authorities in the dioceses and conferences or synods.Their leadership is both sacramental and constitutional; as well as performing ordinations, confirmations, and consecrations, the bishop supervises the clergy within a local jurisdiction and is the representative both to secular structures and within the hierarchy ...
The English word eparchy is an anglicized term that comes from the original Greek word (Koinē Greek: ἐπαρχία, romanized: eparchía, lit. 'overlordship', Byzantine Greek pronunciation: [e.parˈçi.a]). [2] It is an abstract noun, formed with an intensive prefix (ἐπι-, epi-, lit. ' over-' + ἄρχειν, árchein, lit. ' to be ruler ').
The word cleric comes from the ecclesiastical Latin Clericus, for those belonging to the priestly class.In turn, the source of the Latin word is from the Ecclesiastical Greek Klerikos (κληρικός), meaning appertaining to an inheritance, in reference to the fact that the Levitical priests of the Old Testament had no inheritance except the Lord. [1] "
In Brazil, the priests in the Umbanda, Candomblé and Quimbanda religions are called pai-de-santo (literally "Father of saint" in English), or "babalorixá" (a word borrowed from Yoruba bàbálórìsà, meaning Father of the Orisha); its female equivalent is the mãe-de-santo ("Mother of saint"), also referred to as "ialorixá" (Yoruba ...