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Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτ, ēlektron, "amber" [see the etymology of "electron"]; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.
The S 2 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal. [ 1 ] Splitting of S2 , also known as physiological split, normally occurs during inhalation because the decrease in intrathoracic pressure increases the time needed for pulmonary pressure to exceed that of the right ventricular pressure.
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, the others being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart.
[2] Ruptured intercalated discs, in this case regarded as a visual artifact. Ruptured intercalated discs, when seen on histopathology, have two main causes: Microtome sectioning, thereby being a visual artifact. [4] Forceful myocardial contraction, in turn mainly caused by ventricular fibrillation [5] or electrical injury. [6]
[2] The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells, situated within the myocardium. [3] There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow.
The Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers research about the study and management of cardiac arrhythmia.The journal was established in 1983 and was originally published by Futura Publishing, which became Blackwell Futura, and is now Wiley-Blackwell.
The unusual microscopic anatomy of a muscle cell gave rise to its terminology. The cytoplasm in a muscle cell is termed the sarcoplasm; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell is termed the sarcoplasmic reticulum; and the cell membrane in a muscle cell is termed the sarcolemma. [9]
[1] [2] These impulses ultimately stimulate heart muscle to contract and thereby to eject blood from the ventricles into the arteries and the cardiac circulatory system; and they provide a system of intricately timed and persistent signaling that controls the rhythmic beating of the heart muscle cells, especially the complex impulse-generation ...