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The definitive Roman occupation of the Greek world was established after the Battle of Actium (31 BC), in which Augustus defeated Cleopatra VII, the Greek Ptolemaic queen of Egypt, and the Roman general Mark Antony, and afterwards conquered Alexandria (30 BC), the last great city of Hellenistic Egypt. [5]
The Roman–Greek wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Roman Republic and several Greek states.. The list includes: The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC), which ended with the victory of the Romans and the conquest of Epirote territories in South Italy despite earlier albeit costly victories and costly by the king Pyrrhus of Epirus, since regarded as 'Pyrrhic victories' (making the ...
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.
The siege of Athens and Piraeus was a siege of the First Mithridatic War that took place from autumn of 87 BC to the spring of 86 BC. [5] The battle was fought between the forces of the Roman Republic, commanded by Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix on the one hand, and the forces of the Kingdom of Pontus and the Athenian City-State on the other.
The battle marked the end of Achaean resistance; Greece would not see fighting again until the First Mithridatic War sixty years later. The League was dissolved, Greece was annexed to the newly created province of Macedonia (though some autonomy was given to certain cities) and direct Roman control over mainland Greece was established. [20]
The Greek peninsula became a Roman protectorate in 146 BC, and the Aegean islands were added to this territory in 133 BC. Athens and other Greek cities revolted in 88 BC, and the peninsula was crushed by the Roman general Sulla. The Roman civil wars devastated the land even further, until Augustus organized the peninsula as the province of ...
Roman culture itself was Graeco-Roman from the start and matched the Greeks in terms of culture and civilization, partly because of the Greeks who voluntarily or involuntarily fought in Rome. Greek cities like Ephesus or Athens flourished during the long era of peace more than ever.
The beginning of Frankokratia: the division of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade Greek and Latin states in southern Greece, c. 1210 The Eastern Mediterranean c. 1450 AD, showing the Ottoman Empire, the surviving Byzantine empire (purple) and the various Latin possessions in Greece. The Frankish Occupation (Greek ...