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Chiaho Shih (Chinese: 施嘉和; born 9 January 1950) is a Distinguished Research Fellow in the Division of Infectious Disease & Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica in Taiwan. [1] His research is in the area of Molecular virology, Viral hepatitis and Hepatoma, and Cancer.
A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products.
Bishop is best known for his Nobel-winning work on retroviral oncogenes. Working with Harold E. Varmus in the 1980s, he discovered the first human oncogene, c-Src. Their findings allowed the understanding of how malignant tumors are formed from changes to the normal genes of a cell. These changes can be produced by viruses, by radiation, or by ...
His discovery was published in Nature in 1982 in an article titled "A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder-carcinoma oncogene". [2] He spent the following months extending his research, eventually discovering that such oncogene was the mutation of an allele of the Ras subfamily ...
Robert Weinberg (born 1942), US, discovered first human oncogene and first tumor suppressor gene Wilhelm Weinberg (1862–1937), German physician, formulated basic law of population genetics Spencer Wells (born 1969), US genetic anthropologist, head of Genographic Project to map past migrations
Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is an American biologist, Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the Ludwig Center of the MIT, and American Cancer Society Research Professor. His research is in the area of oncogenes and the genetic basis of human cancer. [2] [3] [4]
The first cause of cancer was identified by British surgeon Percivall Pott, who discovered in 1775 that cancer of the scrotum was a common disease among chimney sweeps. [citation needed] The work of other individual physicians led to various insights, but when physicians started working together they could draw firmer conclusions.
One of the first oncogenes to be defined in cancer research is the ras oncogene. Mutations in the Ras family of proto-oncogenes (comprising H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras) are very common, being found in 20% to 30% of all human tumors. [ 98 ]