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Hafele and Keating aboard a commercial airliner, with two of the atomic clocks One of the actual HP 5061A Cesium Beam atomic clock units used in the Hafele–Keating experiment. The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four ...
The emergence of the muons is caused by the collision of cosmic rays with the upper atmosphere, after which the muons reach Earth. The probability that muons can reach the Earth depends on their half-life, which itself is modified by the relativistic corrections of two quantities: a) the mean lifetime of muons and b) the length between the upper and lower atmosphere (at Earth's surface).
The Kennedy–Thorndike experiment. The effects of special relativity can phenomenologically be derived from the following three fundamental experiments: [8] Michelson–Morley experiment, by which the dependence of the speed of light on the direction of the measuring device can be tested. It establishes the relation between longitudinal and ...
Joseph Carl Hafele (25 July 1933 – 15 November 2014) was an American physicist best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity. [ 2 ] Hafele was an apprentice welder when he was drafted to serve in the army during the Korean War.
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity).
Richard E. Keating (29 May 1941 – 5 Oct 2006) was an American astronomer best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] [2] a test of Einstein's theory of relativity [3] performed while he was working at the United States Naval Observatory.
The Hafele–Keating experiment is also recognized as a counterpart to Sagnac effect physics. [38] In the actual Hafele–Keating experiment [39] the mode of transport (long-distance flights) gave rise to time dilation effects of its own, and calculations were needed to separate the various contributions. For the (theoretical) case of clocks ...
The experiment was later improved to better than the 1% level by Pound and Snider. [63] The blueshift of a falling photon can be found by assuming it has an equivalent mass based on its frequency E = hf (where h is the Planck constant) along with E = mc 2, a result of special relativity. Such simple derivations ignore the fact that in general ...