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The following table summarizes the key properties of the six quarks. Flavor quantum numbers ( isospin ( I 3 ), charm ( C ), strangeness ( S , not to be confused with spin), topness ( T ), and bottomness ( B ′)) are assigned to certain quark flavors, and denote qualities of quark-based systems and hadrons.
These lists detail all known and predicted baryons in total angular momentum J = 1 / 2 and J = 3 / 2 configurations with positive parity. [5]Baryons composed of one type of quark (uuu, ddd, ...) can exist in J = 3 / 2 configuration, but J = 1 / 2 is forbidden by the Pauli exclusion principle.
The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Examples of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (K), strange D mesons (D s), Sigma baryons (Σ), and other strange particles.
In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)" , or the Eightfold Way , the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that ...
According to the 2022 Particle Physics Review, the charmed quark has a mass of 1.27 ± 0.02 GeV/c 2, [b] a charge of + 2 / 3 e, and a charm of +1. [10] The charm quark is more massive than the strange quark: the ratio between the masses of the two is about 11.76 +0.05 −0.10. [10] The CKM matrix describes the weak interaction of quarks ...
Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.
The following table lists current measured masses and mass estimates for all the fermions, using the same scale of measure: millions of electron-volts relative to square of light speed (MeV/c 2). For example, the most accurately known quark mass is of the top quark (t) at 172.7 GeV/c 2, estimated using the on-shell scheme.
The bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of − 1 / 3 e . All quarks are described in a similar way by electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics , but the bottom quark has exceptionally low rates of transition to lower-mass quarks.