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Triumvirate, synonym for triarchy, is a political regime ruled or dominated by three powerful individuals. It can refer to the following specific triumvirates: It can refer to the following specific triumvirates:
A triumvirate (Latin: triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs (Latin: triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal. Though the three leaders in a triumvirate are notionally equal, the actual distribution of power may vary.
In ancient Rome, quadrumvir (Italian: quadrumviri) was an elective post assigned to four citizens having police and jurisdiction power, elected by the Senate.The term is related to triumvir and duumvir, respectively describing a post of three and two people, which gave rise to the better-known extant terms "triumvirate" and "duumvirate".
The Second Triumvirate or tresviri reipublicae constituendae of Octavian (later Augustus), Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was formed in 43 BC by passage of the lex Titia. Created for a five-year term and renewed for another five years, it officially lasted until the last day of 33 BC or possibly into 27 BC.
The word is derived from the Latin word verbum (also the source of verbiage), plus the verb gerĕre, to carry on or conduct, from which the Latin verb verbigerāre, to talk or chat, is derived. However, clinically the term verbigeration never achieved popularity and as such has virtually disappeared from psychiatric terminology.
Ψ , the first letter of the Greek word psyche from which the term psychology is derived, is commonly associated with the field of psychology. In 1890, William James defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions." [14] This definition enjoyed widespread currency for decades.
Sternberg's definition of human intelligence is "(a) mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one's life". [3] Thus, Sternberg viewed intelligence as how well an individual deals with environmental changes throughout their lifespan.
Ego-psychology became in fact the dominant psychoanalytic force in the States for the next half-century or so, before object relations theory began to come to the fore. [8] It formed the basis and starting-point for the self psychology of Heinz Kohut , for example, which both opposed and was rooted in Hartmann's theory of libido .