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The WHO has prequalified three bivalent cholera vaccines—Dukoral (SBL Vaccines), containing a non-toxic B-subunit of cholera toxin and providing protection against V. cholerae O1; and two vaccines developed using the same transfer of technology—ShanChol (Shantha Biotec) and Euvichol (EuBiologics Co.), which have bivalent O1 and O139 oral ...
A cholera vaccine is a vaccine that is effective at reducing the risk of contracting cholera. [10] The recommended cholera vaccines are administered orally to elicit local immune responses in the gut, where the intestinal cells produce antibodies against Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for the illness. This immune response was poorly ...
ATC code J07 Vaccines is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1] [2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified.
The idea of a conjugate vaccine first appeared in experiments involving rabbits in 1927, when the immune response to the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide antigen was increased by combining the polysaccharide antigen with a protein carrier.
Bivalent (chemistry), a molecule formed from two or more atoms bound together; Bivalent ligand, a ligand of two drug-like molecules; Bivalent (genetics), a pair of homologous chromosomes; Bivalent vaccine, a vaccine directed at two pathogens or two strains of a pathogen; Bivalent (engine), an engine that can operate on two different types of fuel
Cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1) is an autoinducer signaling molecule present in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. CAI-1 is known structurally as a (S)-3-hydroxytridecan and regulates expression of virulence factors.
CTXφ is generally present and integrated into the genome of the V. cholerae bacterium, and more rarely in a virion from outside the bacterium. While integrated into the bacterial genome, CTX prophages are found on each of the two chromosomes (in the O1 serogroup of V. cholerae) or arranged in tandem on the larger chromosome (in the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae). [2]