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For acid–base reactions, the equivalent weight of an acid or base is the mass which supplies or reacts with one mole of hydrogen cations (H +). For redox reactions, the equivalent weight of each reactant supplies or reacts with one mole of electrons (e −) in a redox reaction. [3]
An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; [1] unofficially but often Eq [2]) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In ...
In the standard system the conversion is that 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm, which makes a gallon = 3785.411784 millilitres exactly. For nutritional labeling on food packages in the US, the teaspoon is defined as exactly 5 ml, [22] giving 1 gallon = 3840 ml exactly. This chart uses the former.
V eq is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by the crude oil sample and 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, b eq is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, 56.1 g/mol is the molecular weight of KOH, W oil is the mass of the sample in grams. The normality (N) of titrant is calculated as:
Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid is a triprotic acid, with pK a values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 3.128, 4.761, and 6.396 at 25 °C. [21]
Mass; system unit unit-code symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combinations SI: kilogram: kg kg 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) kg lb. kg lb st; kg st. kg st lb; gram: g g
The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid. Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism. [12] Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296. It is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets ...
The nutrient or mineral content of foods, animal feeds or plant tissues are often expressed on a dry matter basis, i.e. as a proportion of the total dry matter in the material. For example, a 138-gram apple contains 84% water (116 g water and 22 g dry matter per apple). [ 5 ]