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  2. Classical conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning

    Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).

  3. Conditioned compensatory response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditioned_compensatory...

    CR includes a heightened pain sensitivity, and decreased body temperature, and might cause discomfort, thus motivating the drug user to continue usage of the drug. This is one of several ways classical conditioning might be a factor in drug addiction and dependence. [2] In a classic experiment, Shepard Siegel conditioned rats with morphine ...

  4. Eyeblink conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeblink_conditioning

    After many CS-US pairings, an association is formed such that a learned blink, or conditioned response (CR), occurs and precedes US onset. [1] The magnitude of learning is generally gauged by the percentage of all paired CS-US trials that result in a CR. Under optimal conditions, well-trained animals produce a high percentage of CRs (> 90%).

  5. Sensory preconditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_preconditioning

    Sensory preconditioning is an extension of classical conditioning.Procedurally, sensory preconditioning involves repeated simultaneous presentations (pairing) of two neutral stimuli (NS, e.g. a light and a tone), i.e. stimuli that are not associated with a desired unconditioned response (UR, e.g. salivation).

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  7. Second-order conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_conditioning

    An example of second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is used as a basis for learning about some new stimulus.

  8. Blocking effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_effect

    Right: CS2 alone doesn't trigger CR. In Kamin's blocking effect [1] the conditioning of an association between two stimuli, a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) is impaired if, during the conditioning process, the CS is presented together with a second CS that has already been associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

  9. Rescorla–Wagner model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescorla–Wagner_model

    The Rescorla–Wagner model ("R-W") is a model of classical conditioning, in which learning is conceptualized in terms of associations between conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli. A strong CS-US association means that the CS signals predict the US. One might say that before conditioning, the subject is surprised by the US, but after ...