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3 Europe. 4 North America. 5 Oceania. 6 South America. 7 See also. ... This is a list of anarchist movements by region, both geographical and/or political. Africa
The International of Anarchist Federations was founded in 1968 during an international anarchist conference in Carrara by the three existing European anarchist federations of France, Italy and Spain as well as the Bulgarian Anarchist Federation in French exile. These organizations were also inspired on synthesis anarchist principles. [32]
Bakunin was the leading anarchist revolutionary of the 19th century, active from the 1840s through the 1870s. [7] His foundational anarchist writings helped the movement stand in contrast to capitalism and Marxism and became more popular after his death, with some of his highest regarded works published posthumously and in new editions.
Luigi Galleani was born on 12 August 1861, [1] into a middle-class family, [2] in the Piedmontese city of Vercelli.He first became interested in anarchism while studying law at the University of Turin, eventually renouncing his career in law in order to carry out anarchist propaganda against capitalism and the state. [3]
Following Bakunin's death, a number of debates began to emerge within the anarchist movement, concerning the concepts of insurrectionism, syndicalism and anarcho-communism. In September 1876, the International held its eighth congress in Bern, during which the proposal to open up the International to non-anarchist organizations was debated. [15]
In Chile, anarchist Resistance Societies and "Mancomunales" organised a series of strikes, but were violently repressed by the government. In Peru, anarchist trade unions organised a number of general strikes which achieved the eight-hour day. Anarchist trade unions were also established in Bolivia, Ecuador and Panama, among other countries. [61]
Individualist anarchism is a set of several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasise the individual and their will over any kinds of external determinants. [102] Early influences on individualist forms of anarchism include William Godwin , Max Stirner , and Henry David Thoreau .
Due to a high influx of European immigrants, Chicago was the centre of the American anarchist movement during the 19th century. On 1 May 1886, a general strike was called in several United States cities with the demand of an eight-hour work day , and anarchists allied themselves with the workers' movement despite seeing the objective as ...