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These insects have managed to eliminate close to 300,000 Ash trees in the National Capital Region in only nine years. This leaves only 80,000 ash trees left standing either due to luck or to some amount of resistance to the beetles. These forests used to have an extremely dense Ash population, having 17-18 trees per Hectare.
Dutch elm disease was spread by elm bark beetles, yet the tree mortality was caused by a pathogen. [4] Chestnut blight is a fungus spread through wind dispersal and rain splatter; the blight traveled up to 50 miles in a year by natural means. [5] Insect pests, once they reach the adult phase, have the ability to disperse by flight.
Bark beetles enter trees by boring holes in the bark of the tree, sometimes using the lenticels, or the pores plants use for gas exchange, to pass through the bark of the tree. [3] As the larvae consume the inner tissues of the tree, they often consume enough of the phloem to girdle the tree, cutting off the spread of water and nutrients.
The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), also commonly known by the acronym EAB, is a green beetle native to Asia; its larvae kill ash trees. [1] In North America, the EAB is an invasive species, highly destructive to ash trees in its introduced range.
Image of black ash trunk. Tree is located in a seasonally wet, riparian habitat near a small-scale stream. Tree bark is corky and spongy. Black ash is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 15–20 metres (49–66 ft) (exceptionally 26 metres (85 ft)) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm (24 inches) diameter, or exceptionally to 160 cm (63 inches).
The effects of host plant volatiles on attraction and mating in Neoclytus caprea was also studied, they found that host plant volatiles inhibited attraction in this hardwood feeding species of beetle. There is still no definite reasoning behind why the host plant volatiles induces this response in the attraction of banded ash borers.
Cucujus clavipes is known as the flat bark beetle. [1] [2] It is found throughout North America. [3] These are generally found near tree line [4] under bark [2] of dead poplar and ash trees. [5] C. clavipes are described as phloem-feeding [6] and often predators [1] of other small insects, such as wood-boring beetles, and mites. [5]
Bark. Fraxinus pennsylvanica is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 12–25 metres (39–82 feet) (rarely to 45 m or 148 ft) tall with a trunk up to 60 centimetres (24 inches) in diameter. The bark is smooth and gray on young trees, becoming thick and fissured with age. The winter buds are reddish-brown, with a velvety texture.