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Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
Researchers have published conflicting reports concerning whether Blastocystis causes symptoms in humans, with one of the earliest reports in 1916. [2] The incidence of reports associated with symptoms began to increase in 1984, [3] with physicians from Saudi Arabia reporting symptoms in humans [4] and US physicians reporting symptoms in individuals with travel to less developed countries. [5]
In the early 2000s, Egyptian physicians identified 84 patients with diarrhea and enteritis apparently caused by Blastocystis hominis. After three days of nitazoxanide treatment, symptoms cleared and no fecal organisms were detectable in 36 (86%) of 42 treated patients and in 16 (38%) of 42 people who received placebo (P < .0001).
Protozoal infections can cause symptoms that mirror specific IBS subtypes, [51] e.g., infection by certain substypes of Blastocystis hominis (blastocystosis). [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Many people regard these organisms as incidental findings, and unrelated to symptoms of IBS.
Due to the indiscriminate nature of a dog's appetite, gastrointestinal upset is a frequent occurrence in dogs. The most common symptoms are anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Foreign body ingestion can lead to acute obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, a very dangerous condition. Acute pancreatitis can also result from dietary indiscretion.
Dog with atopic dermatitis, with signs around the eye created by rubbing. Atopy is a hereditary [3] and chronic (lifelong) allergic skin disease. Signs usually begin between 6 months and 3 years of age, with some breeds of dog, such as the golden retriever, showing signs at an earlier age.
It has only one species, Gastrodiscoides hominis. It is a parasite of a variety of vertebrates , including humans . The first definitive specimen was described from a human subject in 1876. [ 1 ]
The bacteria in dogs normally infect the genitals and lymphatic system, but can also spread to the eyes, kidneys, and intervertebral discs. Brucellosis in the intervertebral disc is one possible cause of discospondylitis. Symptoms of brucellosis in dogs include abortion in female dogs and scrotal inflammation and orchitis in males. Fever is ...