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Drosophila (/ d r ə ˈ s ɒ f ɪ l ə, d r ɒ-, d r oʊ-/ [1] [2]) is a genus of fly, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
Drosophila is a genus of flies of the family Drosophilidae. It comprises over 1600 described species, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but is estimated to have several thousands. [ 3 ] Alfred Sturtevant divided Drosophila into a number of subgenera , including Drosophila , Sophophora , and Dorsilopha .
Drosophila is a paraphyletic subgenus of the genus Drosophila, a classification of fruit flies.This subgenus was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939. [1] Members of the subgenus Drosophila can be distinguished from other drosophilid species by breaks in the pigmentation along the dorsal section of their abdomen.
The subgenus Dorsilopha belongs to genus Drosophila and consists of four species. [1] The phylogenetic position of this group has been unclear for a long time, [ 2 ] but recent studies have shown that the subgenus is positioned ancestral to the subgenus Drosophila .
The leaf mining Scaptomyza flava, which is nested in the genus Drosophila phylogenetically, is an obligate leaf miner of mustard plants, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana [5] and is a major pest of salad brassicas in New Zealand and an emerging pest of canola in the UK. [8] Drosophila repleta larvae
Most of these studies are limited to species of the genus Drosophila. The genus Drosophila is paraphyletic as several genera, such as Zaprionus, Scaptomyza and Lordiphosa, are positioned within the genus. Position of the bolded species in the phylogenetic tree is at least reasonably well supported by existing molecular evidence.
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It contains the best-known drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster. Sophophora translates as carrier ( phora ) of wisdom ( sophos ). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus Lordiphosa [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and the species Hirtodrosophila duncani [ 4 ] [ 5 ] are also placed within this subgenus.