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One example is titanium dihydride, which forms when titanium sponge is heated to 400-700 °C under an atmosphere of hydrogen. These reactions typically require high surface area metals. The direct reaction of metals with H 2 is a step in catalytic hydrogenation. For solutions, classic example involves Vaska's complex: [7]
One example is triethoxysilane: HSiCl 3 + 3 EtOH → HSi(OEt) 3 + 3 HCl. Organohydrosilanes can be prepared by partial hydrosilation of silane itself: SiH 4 + 3 C 2 H 4 → HSi(C 2 H 5) 3. In the laboratory, hydrosilanes classically are prepared by treating chlorosilanes with hydride reagents, such as lithium aluminium hydride:
Classical transition metal hydride feature a single bond between the hydrogen centre and the transition metal. Some transition metal hydrides are acidic, e.g., HCo(CO) 4 and H 2 Fe(CO) 4 . The anions potassium nonahydridorhenate [ReH 9 ] 2− and [FeH 6 ] 4− are examples from the growing collection of known molecular homoleptic metal hydrides ...
In general, complex metal hydrides have the formula M x M' y H n, where M is an alkali metal cation or cation complex and M' is a metal or metalloid.Well known examples feature group 13 elements, especially boron and aluminium including sodium aluminium hydride, NaAlH 4), lithium aluminium hydride, LiAlH 4, and lithium borohydride, (LiBH 4).
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Depending on the ligand density of the metal, ligand dissociation may be necessary to provide a coordination site for the olefin. [26] Migratory insertion of an alkene into a metal hydride. The middle image depicts the transition state. Notice that the less substituted carbon becomes bonded to the metal, at least usually.
An often studied dihydrogen complex of iron, [HFe(H 2)(dppe) 2] +.. The usual method for characterization is 1 H NMR spectroscopy.The magnitude of spin–spin coupling, J HD, is a useful indicator of the strength of the bond between the hydrogen and deuterium in HD complexes.
The reaction is driven by the thermodynamic properties of the intermediates and the products. Several other mechanisms have been proposed for this reaction, including a radical mechanism as well as a mechanism involving an aluminium hydride species. The commonly accepted direct hydride transfer is supported by experimental and theoretical data. [6]