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[5] Depersonalization-derealization disorder is thought to be caused largely by interpersonal trauma such as early childhood abuse. [6] [7] Adverse childhood experiences, specifically emotional abuse and neglect have been linked to the development of depersonalization symptoms. [8]
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) refers to the diagnosis as "Other dissociative and conversion disorders". [1] Under the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) , it is known as " Other specified dissociative disorder " ( OSDD ).
The DSM-5 (2013), the current version, also features ICD-9-CM codes, listing them alongside the codes of Chapter V of the ICD-10-CM. On 1 October 2015, the United States health care system officially switched from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM. [1] [2] The DSM is the authoritative reference work in diagnosing mental disorders in the world.
[4] [5] Dissociative fugue was previously a separate category but is now treated as a specifier for dissociative amnesia, though many patients with dissociative fugue are ultimately diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. [6] Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DpDr): periods of detachment from self or surroundings which may be ...
A revision of DSM-5, titled DSM-5-TR, was published in March 2022, updating diagnostic criteria and ICD-10-CM codes. [91] The diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder was changed, [92] along with adding entries for prolonged grief disorder, unspecified mood disorder and stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder.
A revision of DSM-5, titled DSM-5-TR, was published in March 2022, updating diagnostic criteria and ICD-10-CM codes. [52] The diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder were changed, [53] [54] along with adding entries for prolonged grief disorder, unspecified mood disorder and stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder.
The DSM-5-TR states that "early life trauma (e.g., neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, usually before ages 5-6 years) represents a major risk factor for dissociative identity disorder." [10] (p333) Other risk factors reported include painful medical procedures, war, terrorism, or being trafficked in childhood.
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) refers to the diagnosis as "Other dissociative and conversion disorders". [2] Under the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) , it was known as " Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified " ( DDNOS ).