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It is also known as atrophic myositis or eosinophilic myositis. MMM is the most common inflammatory myopathy in dogs. [1] The disease mainly affects large breed dogs. [2] German Shepherd Dogs [3] and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed. [4] There is a similar disease of the eye muscles found in Golden Retrievers. Symptoms of acute ...
In anatomy, the masseter [help 1] is one of the muscles of mastication. Found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. [5] The most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it is the most superficial and one of the strongest.
The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about 70 to 150 newtons (16 to 34 lbf ). The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to 500 to 700 newtons (110 to 160 lbf ).
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles , and in some types, muscle pain . The cause of much inflammatory myopathy is unknown ( idiopathic ), and such cases are classified according to their symptoms and signs , electromyography , MRI , and ...
In 2020, the World Health Organization agreed with this view and defined these lesions as virtually identical disorders termed proliferative fasciitis/proliferative myositis or proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis. The Organization also classified them as one of the various forms of the fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors. [4]
In some instances, the origins of myositis remain idiopathic, without a discernible cause. Injury: A mild form of myositis can occur with hard exercise. [4] A more severe form of muscle injury, called rhabdomyolysis, is also associated with myositis. [4] This is a condition where an injury to the patient's muscles causes them to quickly break ...
The masseteric fascia is said to cover the masseter muscle, dividing into a superficial layer and a deep layer - the two layers together constituting the parotideomasseteric fascia - to form a fascial compartment that encloses the masseter muscle as well as the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles (the pterygoid muscles being enclosed by the ...